ci: shard instrumentation benchmarks and add turbo cache #798

Job	Run time
walltime-macos-test	1m 41s
List examples	7s
check (codspeedhq-arm64-ubuntu-22.04)	1m 29s
check (ubuntu-latest)	1m 38s
with-vitest-v3 on Node 18	1m 49s
with-electron-and-walltime on Node 20.5.1	1m 45s
with-javascript-esm on Node 18	2m 6s
with-typescript-cjs on Node 18	2m 17s
with-typescript-esm on Node 20.5.1	2m 23s
with-javascript-esm on Node 20.5.1	2m 12s
with-typescript-simple-cjs on Node 20.5.1	2m 22s
with-electron-and-walltime on Node 18	2m 2s
with-typescript-esm on Node 18	2m 32s
with-vitest-v3 on Node 20.5.1	1m 42s
with-typescript-simple-esm on Node 20.5.1	2m 15s
with-typescript-cjs on Node 20.5.1	2m 18s
with-typescript-simple-cjs on Node 18	2m 18s
with-typescript-simple-esm on Node 18	2m 25s
	35m 21s

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