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.NET: Sample 06_subWorkflows to showcase the sub workflows (workflow composability) (#1493)
* Sample 06_subWorkflows ready. * minor fix
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‎dotnet/agent-framework-dotnet.slnx‎

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</Folder>
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<Folder Name="/Samples/GettingStarted/A2A/">
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<File Path="samples/GettingStarted/A2A/README.md" />
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<Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/A2A/A2AAgent_AsFunctionTools/A2AAgent_AsFunctionTools.csproj"/>
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<Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/A2A/A2AAgent_AsFunctionTools/A2AAgent_AsFunctionTools.csproj" />
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</Folder>
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<Folder Name="/Samples/GettingStarted/AgentProviders/">
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<File Path="samples/GettingStarted/AgentProviders/README.md" />
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<Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/03_AgentsInWorkflows/03_AgentsInWorkflows.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/04_AgentWorkflowPatterns/04_AgentWorkflowPatterns.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/05_MultiModelService/05_MultiModelService.csproj" />
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<Project Path="samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/06_SubWorkflows/06_SubWorkflows.csproj" />
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</Folder>
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<Folder Name="/Samples/SemanticKernelMigration/">
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<File Path="samples/SemanticKernelMigration/README.md" />

‎dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/06_SubWorkflows/06_SubWorkflows.csproj‎

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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
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<TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\..\src\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows\Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows.csproj" />
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\..\src\Microsoft.Agents.AI.AzureAI\Microsoft.Agents.AI.AzureAI.csproj" />
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\..\..\src\Microsoft.Agents.AI\Microsoft.Agents.AI.csproj" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Project>

‎dotnet/samples/GettingStarted/Workflows/_Foundational/06_SubWorkflows/Program.cs‎

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// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
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using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows;
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namespace WorkflowSubWorkflowsSample;
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/// <summary>
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/// This sample demonstrates how to compose workflows hierarchically by using
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/// a workflow as an executor within another workflow (sub-workflows).
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///
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/// A sub-workflow is a workflow that is embedded as an executor within a parent workflow.
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/// This allows you to:
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/// 1. Encapsulate and reuse complex workflow logic as modular components
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/// 2. Build hierarchical workflow structures
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/// 3. Create composable, maintainable workflow architectures
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///
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/// In this example, we create:
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/// - A text processing sub-workflow (uppercase → reverse → append suffix)
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/// - A parent workflow that adds a prefix, processes through the sub-workflow, and post-processes
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///
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/// For input "hello", the workflow produces: "INPUT: [FINAL] OLLEH [PROCESSED] [END]"
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/// </summary>
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public static class Program
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{
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private static async Task Main()
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{
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Console.WriteLine("\n=== Sub-Workflow Demonstration ===\n");
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// Step 1: Build a simple text processing sub-workflow
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Console.WriteLine("Building sub-workflow: Uppercase → Reverse → Append Suffix...\n");
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UppercaseExecutor uppercase = new();
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ReverseExecutor reverse = new();
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AppendSuffixExecutor append = new(" [PROCESSED]");
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var subWorkflow = new WorkflowBuilder(uppercase)
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.AddEdge(uppercase, reverse)
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.AddEdge(reverse, append)
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.WithOutputFrom(append)
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.Build();
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// Step 2: Configure the sub-workflow as an executor for use in the parent workflow
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ExecutorIsh subWorkflowExecutor = subWorkflow.ConfigureSubWorkflow("TextProcessingSubWorkflow");
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// Step 3: Build a main workflow that uses the sub-workflow as an executor
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Console.WriteLine("Building main workflow that uses the sub-workflow as an executor...\n");
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PrefixExecutor prefix = new("INPUT: ");
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PostProcessExecutor postProcess = new();
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var mainWorkflow = new WorkflowBuilder(prefix)
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.AddEdge(prefix, subWorkflowExecutor)
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.AddEdge(subWorkflowExecutor, postProcess)
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.WithOutputFrom(postProcess)
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.Build();
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// Step 4: Execute the main workflow
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Console.WriteLine("Executing main workflow with input: 'hello'\n");
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await using Run run = await InProcessExecution.RunAsync(mainWorkflow, "hello");
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// Display results
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foreach (WorkflowEvent evt in run.NewEvents)
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{
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if (evt is ExecutorCompletedEvent executorComplete && executorComplete.Data is not null)
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{
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Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
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Console.WriteLine($"[{executorComplete.ExecutorId}] {executorComplete.Data}");
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Console.ResetColor();
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}
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else if (evt is WorkflowOutputEvent output)
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{
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Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Cyan;
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Console.WriteLine("\n=== Main Workflow Completed ===");
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Console.WriteLine($"Final Output: {output.Data}");
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Console.ResetColor();
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}
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}
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// Optional: Visualize the workflow structure - Note that sub-workflows are not rendered
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Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.DarkGray;
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Console.WriteLine("\n=== Workflow Visualization ===\n");
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Console.WriteLine(mainWorkflow.ToMermaidString());
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Console.ResetColor();
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Console.WriteLine("\n✅ Sample Complete: Workflows can be composed hierarchically using sub-workflows\n");
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}
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}
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// ====================================
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// Text Processing Executors
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// ====================================
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/// <summary>
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/// Adds a prefix to the input text.
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/// </summary>
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internal sealed class PrefixExecutor(string prefix) : Executor<string, string>("PrefixExecutor")
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{
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public override ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
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{
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string result = prefix + message;
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Console.WriteLine($"[Prefix] '{message}' → '{result}'");
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return ValueTask.FromResult(result);
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Converts input text to uppercase.
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/// </summary>
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internal sealed class UppercaseExecutor() : Executor<string, string>("UppercaseExecutor")
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{
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public override ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
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{
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string result = message.ToUpperInvariant();
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Console.WriteLine($"[Uppercase] '{message}' → '{result}'");
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return ValueTask.FromResult(result);
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Reverses the input text.
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/// </summary>
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internal sealed class ReverseExecutor() : Executor<string, string>("ReverseExecutor")
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{
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public override ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
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{
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string result = string.Concat(message.Reverse());
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Console.WriteLine($"[Reverse] '{message}' → '{result}'");
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return ValueTask.FromResult(result);
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Appends a suffix to the input text.
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/// </summary>
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internal sealed class AppendSuffixExecutor(string suffix) : Executor<string, string>("AppendSuffixExecutor")
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{
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public override ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
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{
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string result = message + suffix;
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Console.WriteLine($"[AppendSuffix] '{message}' → '{result}'");
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return ValueTask.FromResult(result);
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Performs final post-processing by wrapping the text.
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/// </summary>
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internal sealed class PostProcessExecutor() : Executor<string, string>("PostProcessExecutor")
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{
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public override ValueTask<string> HandleAsync(string message, IWorkflowContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
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{
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string result = $"[FINAL] {message} [END]";
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Console.WriteLine($"[PostProcess] '{message}' → '{result}'");
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return ValueTask.FromResult(result);
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}
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}

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