diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index e74c2a1de44..41b0a3956fa 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -10844,6 +10844,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "prost 0.14.3",
  "rand 0.10.1",
  "rstest",
+ "test-with",
  "vortex-array",
  "vortex-buffer",
  "vortex-error",
diff --git a/encodings/fsst/Cargo.toml b/encodings/fsst/Cargo.toml
index b95eeb1f444..0d722a131d3 100644
--- a/encodings/fsst/Cargo.toml
+++ b/encodings/fsst/Cargo.toml
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ _test-harness = ["dep:rand", "vortex-array/_test-harness"]
 divan = { workspace = true }
 rand = { workspace = true }
 rstest = { workspace = true }
+test-with = { workspace = true }
 vortex-array = { workspace = true, features = ["_test-harness"] }
 
 [[bench]]
diff --git a/encodings/fsst/src/lib.rs b/encodings/fsst/src/lib.rs
index 3305c0e66fc..03eaf4132eb 100644
--- a/encodings/fsst/src/lib.rs
+++ b/encodings/fsst/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ mod slice;
 pub mod test_utils;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_large;
 
 pub use array::*;
 pub use compress::*;
diff --git a/encodings/fsst/src/tests_large.rs b/encodings/fsst/src/tests_large.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..206eb727666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/encodings/fsst/src/tests_large.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
+
+//! Stress regression tests for FSST compression at the i32-offset boundary.
+//!
+//! Gated to CI runs (collected but skipped when `CI` is unset; opt-out with
+//! `VORTEX_SKIP_SLOW_TESTS=1`) because of the multi-GiB memory footprint.
+
+use rand::SeedableRng;
+use rand::rngs::StdRng;
+use rand::seq::IndexedRandom;
+use vortex_array::LEGACY_SESSION;
+use vortex_array::VortexSessionExecute;
+use vortex_array::arrays::varbin::builder::VarBinBuilder;
+use vortex_array::dtype::DType;
+use vortex_array::dtype::Nullability;
+
+use crate::fsst_compress;
+use crate::fsst_train_compressor;
+
+/// Regression for #7833: `fsst_compress` must accept inputs whose cumulative
+/// compressed bytes exceed `i32::MAX`. Today this panics in
+/// `vortex-array/src/arrays/varbin/builder.rs:62` because `fsst_compress_iter`
+/// (`encodings/fsst/src/compress.rs:72`) hardcodes `VarBinBuilder::<i32>` for
+/// the FSST output buffer regardless of input size.
+///
+/// The input is built with `VarBinBuilder::<i64>` to confirm that widening the
+/// input alone does not help — the overflow is on the FSST output side.
+///
+/// `#[should_panic]` captures today's behavior; when the underlying bug is
+/// fixed, drop the `#[should_panic]` so the trailing `assert_eq!` becomes the
+/// regression assertion.
+///
+/// Allocates ~2.5 GiB for the input plus ~2.5 GiB for the FSST output.
+#[test_with::env(CI)]
+#[test_with::no_env(VORTEX_SKIP_SLOW_TESTS)]
+#[should_panic(expected = "to offset of type i32")]
+fn fsst_compress_offsets_overflow_i32() {
+    // High-entropy ASCII strings sliced from a random pool. FSST is a
+    // symbol-table compressor; pseudo-random data with no recurring byte
+    // sequences resists compression, so the compressed output stays close
+    // to input size and crosses the i32 boundary.
+    const STRING_LEN: usize = 64 * 1024;
+    const TOTAL_BYTES: usize = (1usize << 31) + (512 << 20); // ~2.5 GiB
+    const N: usize = TOTAL_BYTES / STRING_LEN;
+    const POOL_LEN: usize = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    // Printable ASCII alphabet so the result is valid UTF-8.
+    const ALPHABET: &[u8; 95] =
+        b" !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~";
+
+    let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(0xC0DE_C011_B711);
+    let pool: Vec<u8> = (0..POOL_LEN)
+        .map(|_| *ALPHABET.choose(&mut rng).unwrap())
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut builder = VarBinBuilder::<i64>::with_capacity(N);
+    for i in 0..N {
+        let off = (i.wrapping_mul(31337)) % (POOL_LEN - STRING_LEN);
+        builder.append_value(&pool[off..off + STRING_LEN]);
+    }
+    let array = builder.finish(DType::Utf8(Nullability::NonNullable));
+
+    let compressor = fsst_train_compressor(&array);
+    let len = array.len();
+    let dtype = array.dtype().clone();
+    let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+
+    // Pre-fix: panics in `VarBinBuilder::<i32>::append_value` once cumulative
+    // compressed bytes pass `i32::MAX`. Post-fix: must succeed with the row
+    // count preserved.
+    let compressed = fsst_compress(array, len, &dtype, &compressor, &mut ctx);
+    assert_eq!(compressed.len(), len);
+}