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ByteDance Seed

EdgeBench


Project Tech Report Dataset Docs WeChat Group Discord


Overview

EdgeBench is a benchmark of 134 real-world tasks for evaluating how autonomous AI agents learn from real-world environments. Instead of measuring one-shot performance, EdgeBench places agents in executable task environments with realistic, multi-level feedback and lets them iterate for 12+ hours per task — tracking the full trajectory of improvement, not just the final score. We publicly release 51 tasks along with the full evaluation framework.

Analyzing ~38,000 hours of agent interaction on all 134 tasks, we find that performance follows a log-sigmoid scaling law as a function of interaction time ($R^2 = 0.998$). See the tech report for details.

Log-sigmoid scaling fit across 134 tasks

Leaderboard

Full Benchmark (134 tasks)

Model @2h @4h @6h @8h @10h @12h
Claude Opus 4.8 39.0 45.7 48.1 49.8 50.9 51.3
GPT-5.5 36.8 42.1 44.5 46.3 47.6 48.4
GPT-5.4 29.7 34.0 36.5 38.0 38.9 39.3
GLM-5.1 26.0 30.4 32.9 34.9 36.5 37.4
DS-V4-Pro 23.3 27.1 29.0 29.9 30.9 31.0
Category Scores @12h (134 tasks)
Model Scientific & ML Systems & SE Optimization Knowledge Formal Games
Claude Opus 4.8 48.5 67.4 36.5 47.0 55.0 39.3
GPT-5.5 44.3 65.0 33.6 45.7 50.0 39.1
GPT-5.4 33.5 54.1 27.9 38.8 40.8 29.0
GLM-5.1 33.8 50.9 26.4 43.5 24.6 29.3
DS-V4-Pro 30.0 43.0 21.5 37.0 14.1 16.9

Open-Source Subset (51 tasks)

Model @2h @4h @6h @8h @10h @12h
Claude Opus 4.8 33.2 38.5 40.8 42.1 43.3 44.2
GPT-5.5 31.2 36.0 38.2 40.3 42.1 43.1
GPT-5.4 25.0 28.2 30.3 32.1 33.3 34.2
GLM-5.1 21.4 24.2 26.8 28.2 29.1 30.4
DS-V4-Pro 17.1 21.1 22.9 23.8 25.1 25.7
Category Scores @12h (51 tasks)
Model Scientific & ML Systems & SE Optimization Knowledge Formal Games
Claude Opus 4.8 38.9 62.0 38.2 38.7 40.9 39.3
GPT-5.5 33.2 60.5 32.3 38.4 49.0 39.1
GPT-5.4 24.6 50.1 29.9 31.6 30.2 29.0
GLM-5.1 26.8 43.6 26.7 31.0 19.9 29.3
DS-V4-Pro 31.1 37.6 24.1 33.2 12.7 16.9
Per-Task Scores by Time Budget (51 tasks)

Each model cell reports scores at @2h / @4h / @6h / @8h / @10h / @12h. Missing valid results are shown as .

Task Category Opus 4.8 GPT-5.5 GPT-5.4 GLM-5.1 DS-V4-Pro
bipedalwalker_locomotion_rl Scientific & ML 16.7/20.8/22.4/23.3/23.3/23.3 14.7/14.9/15.2/15.2/16.0/21.0 13.9/13.9/13.9/14.5/14.5/17.5 13.9/20.3/21.5/22.5/22.5/22.5 8.9/14.8/17.6/20.4/20.4/20.6
borden_source_inversion Scientific & ML 7.5/19.8/26.2/28.5/38.5/48.4 20.1/27.0/29.4/37.8/38.1/38.5 7.2/7.3/7.6/7.9/8.0/8.0 7.0/10.3/12.0/12.3/12.5/15.1 7.0/11.6/15.1/26.6/36.7/38.2
dabic_gravity_inversion Scientific & ML 9.5/15.2/15.7/17.4/17.5/17.5 15.9/16.2/16.7/17.0/17.2/17.3 14.6/14.6/15.5/15.5/15.0/15.0 9.2/13.7/16.0/16.5/16.5/17.1 —/12.7/12.7/12.7/13.0/13.8
graph_node_classification Scientific & ML 59.4/62.7/65.0/65.6/66.5/66.6 54.7/55.1/55.1/55.3/55.9/56.0 54.9/56.2/56.5/56.9/57.5/57.6 49.4/52.3/52.3/52.3/52.3/52.3 46.0/48.2/49.2/51.3/51.7/51.8
ann_vector_search_qps Systems & SE 26.2/57.0/58.6/58.7/59.4/59.7 22.3/34.3/35.1/36.0/40.0/40.7 27.5/30.2/44.5/45.2/49.7/50.2 6.7/24.4/25.6/25.6/26.1/38.3 9.4/19.6/22.4/22.8/23.8/23.8
arc_compiler_runtime Systems & SE 49.3/52.0/52.0/52.0/52.0/52.0 55.5/56.5/60.9/70.3/71.0/72.4 45.1/46.5/49.8/49.8/50.0/50.0 47.7/48.0/48.4/48.7/48.7/48.7 40.3/41.7/44.2/44.2/44.2/44.2
exchange_core_throughput Systems & SE 40.7/57.0/58.5/58.9/59.7/59.7 15.4/37.2/39.9/44.3/51.3/53.2 14.3/40.8/41.0/45.2/46.4/47.3 29.2/43.7/46.5/48.6/50.3/52.6 32.9/33.8/45.0/47.7/48.4/48.6
ffmpeg_swscale_reimplementation Systems & SE 9.9/17.6/19.8/20.9/21.1/21.1 8.8/14.3/15.1/15.3/15.3/15.3 5.4/8.5/9.4/11.6/13.3/13.9 0.3/0.3/0.4/2.2/2.2/2.2 0.1/1.9/2.0/3.8/3.8/3.8
git_rewrite_in_zig Systems & SE 22.0/22.8/22.8/22.8/23.1/23.1 16.1/16.9/17.7/18.2/18.2/18.4 9.6/13.8/14.0/14.2/14.2/15.4 12.0/20.2/23.3/23.4/23.4/23.5 8.5/13.5/16.0/17.6/17.8/17.9
integer_compression_codec Systems & SE 69.4/69.7/74.8/74.9/75.2/75.3 61.1/67.6/73.9/73.9/74.3/74.4 38.6/40.9/41.2/42.2/42.2/42.3 23.5/27.3/28.5/28.7/28.9/28.9 15.9/16.0/16.2/16.2/16.2/16.2
juliet_vulnerability_analyzer Systems & SE 71.9/74.9/75.4/75.6/75.6/75.6 81.0/83.2/85.4/86.8/87.4/89.8 52.9/66.1/74.3/76.0/76.8/77.2 59.3/60.7/62.8/63.5/63.5/63.5 46.8/63.1/66.1/66.2/66.2/66.2
rust_multicrate_reconstruction Systems & SE —/—/—/—/—/— 27.5/42.6/53.1/54.9/57.8/57.8 16.7/19.9/21.3/21.4/21.4/21.4 24.8/24.8/25.2/25.2/37.5/38.5 20.5/21.7/22.7/23.1/23.5/23.6
schemathesis_config_modernization Systems & SE 82.5/85.0/86.1/87.4/87.4/87.7 79.1/82.2/82.9/83.2/83.6/84.0 67.2/68.8/68.8/71.7/71.7/71.9 58.3/59.7/60.4/61.2/61.7/61.7 54.3/54.3/55.3/55.3/55.3/55.6
schemathesis_datagen_pipeline Systems & SE 68.0/70.2/70.2/70.2/70.2/70.2 54.6/54.6/56.7/56.7/56.7/56.7 56.6/56.6/56.6/56.6/56.6/56.6 62.1/64.2/64.2/67.0/67.0/67.0 47.9/50.1/52.3/52.3/52.3/52.3
schemathesis_reporting_observability Systems & SE 73.9/75.6/76.2/76.2/76.2/76.2 76.6/76.6/76.6/76.6/77.1/77.1 70.0/73.7/74.7/75.7/76.2/76.2 61.9/61.9/61.9/61.9/61.9/61.9 59.4/62.4/63.0/63.0/65.0/65.0
vliw_kernel_optimization Systems & SE 74.0/76.0/77.7/79.5/79.6/80.9 71.6/75.7/77.1/79.5/83.1/85.6 75.7/77.0/77.2/78.7/79.1/79.1 5.6/9.5/27.5/35.0/35.9/35.9 0.2/24.9/28.1/33.0/33.9/34.1
ad_placement_optimization Optimization 65.2/66.1/66.9/67.1/67.4/67.7 44.0/53.3/59.5/61.6/62.9/62.9 41.8/42.4/43.1/47.7/47.9/48.1 48.7/52.7/53.3/56.5/58.5/58.8 25.5/28.5/35.2/35.8/36.2/36.2
apple_incremental_game Optimization 42.7/44.9/45.9/48.6/49.9/50.6 26.6/29.8/30.6/32.7/33.1/33.6 28.3/30.3/32.0/33.3/33.9/34.9 19.0/19.0/19.1/19.1/19.1/19.1 19.6/19.7/19.7/19.7/19.7/19.7
equivalence_class_divide_and_conquer Optimization 11.2/15.3/17.0/20.1/20.8/21.3 11.8/15.5/15.8/21.3/22.2/22.4 14.5/17.0/18.3/18.7/20.2/20.3 3.8/4.2/10.0/8.0/10.6/10.6 0.7/1.8/3.2/3.2/3.4/3.4
grid_turing_robot Optimization 34.7/37.1/37.3/39.6/40.3/40.3 40.4/41.6/41.9/42.0/42.1/42.2 26.8/26.8/27.2/28.9/28.9/28.9 20.0/21.0/24.6/24.6/24.6/25.7 23.7/24.1/24.1/24.1/24.2/24.2
jagua_nesting_optimization Optimization 11.2/17.8/24.5/31.4/41.0/44.2 15.9/19.4/20.0/20.6/21.3/21.6 22.4/23.0/23.9/24.0/24.1/24.1 8.9/9.0/10.0/12.2/12.3/12.4 10.7/20.2/23.7/26.7/28.1/28.4
molecular_self_assembly Optimization 22.4/33.4/34.0/34.1/34.4/34.7 20.2/20.3/20.5/20.7/20.7/20.7 20.8/21.1/21.1/21.5/21.5/21.6 10.0/12.5/12.9/13.0/13.1/13.2 19.4/21.7/21.8/21.8/21.9/21.9
order_addition_permutation_optimization Optimization 22.6/31.6/34.0/34.4/35.7/36.4 16.7/20.5/21.5/22.4/23.0/23.3 1.6/10.6/13.1/14.0/14.2/14.3 2.0/2.1/23.6/25.8/25.8/33.2 4.6/16.5/17.8/22.9/25.4/30.8
smt_solver Optimization 10.3/17.4/19.0/23.1/23.3/23.9 7.2/7.8/8.4/8.6/8.6/8.6 6.7/7.9/8.9/9.1/9.1/9.2 2.7/2.7/2.7/2.7/2.7/3.6 1.4/2.8/3.3/3.3/3.3/3.3
treant_forest Optimization 14.5/15.9/16.1/16.2/16.4/18.0 12.1/14.2/14.9/15.2/15.5/15.6 12.2/12.2/12.7/13.0/13.2/13.3 8.0/11.6/11.7/14.1/14.5/16.9 6.8/8.1/9.7/10.1/12.7/13.5
tree_block_partitioning Optimization 21.5/30.1/32.4/36.8/37.7/37.7 28.8/31.1/33.0/33.0/35.0/36.4 23.1/26.8/28.8/32.9/34.3/34.3 12.1/15.4/17.1/19.3/20.3/23.4 11.2/11.8/11.9/11.9/14.6/16.1
triangulation_coloring_optimization Optimization 70.8/71.4/71.9/73.2/73.3/73.4 73.7/74.3/74.5/75.0/75.1/75.2 74.1/74.2/74.3/74.3/74.3/74.3 68.8/71.2/71.6/72.0/72.7/73.0 56.1/58.0/59.0/59.1/59.1/59.3
vehicle_routing_time_windows Optimization 72.5/72.6/72.9/73.6/73.7/74.0 88.7/89.0/89.4/89.7/89.7/90.8 85.3/88.6/88.7/89.5/89.5/89.6 76.6/76.6/76.6/76.6/76.6/77.9 54.7/76.8/81.9/82.2/82.9/83.1
vibrating_path_graph_coloring Optimization 19.7/21.1/21.4/22.5/24.5/25.3 10.1/10.5/10.6/10.7/10.7/11.4 18.1/19.4/19.8/23.4/23.6/24.1 9.6/18.3/20.3/22.9/22.9/22.9 12.4/14.4/19.3/19.4/21.8/22.1
warehouse_forklift_routing Optimization 7.7/9.5/10.4/10.5/11.1/11.2 9.8/11.0/11.8/11.9/12.1/12.6 0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0 —/0.0/0.0/0.6/0.7/0.5 0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0
wireless_electricity_layout Optimization 6.5/13.7/14.4/14.5/14.5/14.5 6.2/6.9/7.1/7.1/7.1/7.2 10.9/11.1/11.1/11.1/11.1/11.1 7.2/9.4/6.6/8.1/9.4/9.5 0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0
college_english_exam_bank Knowledge 24.8/28.3/34.8/35.5/35.8/39.8 24.5/35.5/35.5/35.5/37.8/37.8 30.7/30.7/31.3/34.0/34.0/34.5 22.2/26.0/29.3/30.0/32.3/32.5 19.2/21.7/22.5/22.7/29.2/34.7
cta_risk_budget_optimization Knowledge 42.7/44.8/45.3/45.3/45.3/46.1 43.8/45.8/46.7/46.7/46.7/46.7 46.0/49.0/49.0/49.0/49.8/49.8 38.1/44.8/49.0/49.6/49.6/49.6 44.0/45.6/46.9/46.9/48.1/48.1
k12_math_recommendation Knowledge 23.6/38.5/41.4/42.0/43.7/44.3 38.5/42.4/42.9/43.5/43.9/44.0 25.9/29.0/30.0/30.8/31.1/31.4 24.8/25.7/31.9/32.5/32.7/32.7 25.6/26.3/26.8/25.7/26.0/26.3
portfolio_risk_calibration Knowledge 20.1/21.6/23.0/23.6/23.6/24.5 17.3/21.3/22.7/23.5/24.4/25.0 6.0/9.6/10.7/10.7/10.7/10.7 0.0/8.4/8.5/8.9/9.2/9.4 10.4/16.3/16.6/16.7/23.7/23.7
carleson_formalization Formal 4.3/7.7/11.0/12.7/15.0/16.8 6.0/9.5/13.2/16.5/25.3/26.5 1.8/3.5/4.6/5.4/6.3/7.1 1.0/1.7/2.0/2.2/2.2/2.2 0.8/1.3/2.0/2.0/2.3/2.5
combinatorial_games_formalization Formal 14.5/23.2/27.6/32.1/34.5/35.5 12.0/18.8/24.6/27.2/33.4/38.2 5.9/8.3/11.5/13.5/16.3/17.8 6.7/9.8/14.3/14.9/16.2/16.2 4.3/6.7/7.3/7.4/7.7/7.8
flt_regular_formalization Formal 31.0/41.8/50.6/50.6/50.6/50.6 43.7/48.3/50.6/66.7/75.1/75.1 1.5/19.5/28.4/41.8/46.0/48.3 14.4/13.4/16.5/18.8/18.8/38.7 5.7/11.9/14.6/14.9/17.2/17.6
lean_analysis_proofs Formal 17.9/25.1/28.6/30.2/32.6/33.0 16.8/23.2/28.4/33.9/39.0/42.5 3.6/8.1/10.8/12.9/15.5/16.4 5.2/5.9/5.9/5.9/5.9/5.9 5.8/7.3/8.2/8.8/9.3/9.5
new_foundations_consistency Formal 28.9/36.2/50.0/62.7/64.2/65.1 13.7/38.2/55.1/56.4/65.1/66.5 3.3/12.2/14.9/20.5/30.7/39.8 2.2/3.3/5.1/21.9/24.6/27.0 2.2/3.4/6.5/7.2/10.5/11.4
ordinal_notation_well_foundedness Formal 10.6/18.4/24.7/24.7/24.7/24.7 13.7/24.7/24.7/24.7/24.7/24.7 1.2/5.5/13.7/15.3/18.4/21.6 2.0/3.5/5.1/5.9/5.9/5.9 3.5/3.5/4.7/4.7/4.7/4.7
pfr_formalization Formal 32.4/36.9/38.8/40.2/45.6/46.3 30.7/38.3/41.9/47.6/52.7/60.0 10.2/13.7/27.1/34.0/35.9/38.9 8.3/14.9/22.5/26.5/31.3/33.5 9.9/14.7/16.5/17.8/18.5/19.1
sphere_eversion_formalization Formal 41.7/47.4/49.1/50.4/54.1/55.4 45.0/51.1/55.0/55.9/56.9/58.5 13.3/20.2/32.7/43.7/50.4/51.4 15.5/24.2/26.7/28.7/30.2/30.2 2.9/14.1/22.3/24.9/28.6/29.3
anchorhead_text_adventure Games 13.3/19.3/19.7/20.3/22.3/22.3 15.0/26.3/31.7/34.3/35.3/36.3 5.0/11.7/13.0/13.3/14.7/17.7 10.7/17.3/19.7/20.3/20.3/20.3 2.0/6.0/7.3/8.0/12.3/14.7
dcss_dungeon_ai Games 4.2/4.9/5.9/6.3/6.3/8.3 8.9/9.7/10.0/10.0/13.3/13.4 2.6/5.6/5.6/5.6/6.1/6.1 2.8/3.0/3.3/3.3/5.1/7.6 2.8/3.6/4.4/4.5/5.1/5.7
nethack_dungeon_agent Games 29.7/35.3/36.7/37.3/41.9/41.9 16.6/17.6/18.1/20.6/21.3/22.5 10.9/14.1/15.2/15.8/17.0/20.4 2.3/2.3/15.3/21.6/21.6/21.6 1.0/1.4/2.9/3.2/3.2/3.3
openrct2_theme_park_ai Games 24.4/24.4/26.0/26.0/27.5/27.5 28.5/28.6/32.7/37.3/37.4/37.6 23.0/23.1/23.1/23.1/23.1/23.1 35.1/36.2/36.2/36.2/36.2/36.2 24.4/24.4/24.4/26.0/26.0/26.0
openttd_transport_ai Games 50.0/50.4/50.6/51.7/51.8/52.0 10.1/11.6/13.2/21.9/25.6/28.1 10.8/11.4/11.6/11.9/11.9/11.9 0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0/0.0 4.8/9.2/9.3/12.3/15.2/15.2
trinity_text_adventure Games 25.0/28.0/29.3/30.0/30.0/30.0 22.3/26.7/28.7/36.3/36.3/40.0 16.3/19.7/22.7/23.3/23.7/27.0 16.0/18.7/24.3/26.0/26.7/26.7 16.3/16.3/17.7/20.0/20.0/20.3
tryst_text_adventure Games 18.1/33.8/36.7/40.0/40.0/44.3 32.1/42.4/44.3/48.6/55.2/55.7 19.5/20.0/20.0/31.0/38.6/44.3 18.6/28.6/36.2/40.5/42.9/43.3 8.6/11.4/11.4/11.4/11.4/13.8
wesnoth_tactical_ai Games 84.0/85.3/87.7/87.7/87.7/88.0 64.7/73.0/76.3/78.0/78.3/79.3 79.7/79.7/80.3/80.3/81.3/81.3 75.7/78.3/78.3/78.3/78.3/78.3 17.0/36.3/36.3/36.3/36.3/36.3

Task Taxonomy

EdgeBench contains 134 realistic, diverse tasks spanning six capability categories, of which 51 are publicly released. Each task is designed as a day-scale challenge with a performance ceiling high enough that no current agent can saturate it. Recorded human expert effort averages 57.2 hours per task (up to 320 hours).

EdgeBench Task Taxonomy

Evaluation Harness: SForge

EdgeBench is powered by SForge, a two-container evaluation harness built for long-horizon agent evaluation. Each task materializes as isolated work and judge Docker images — the agent only sees the work environment, while hidden tests run in ephemeral judge containers.

Key mechanisms:

  • Two-container isolation — work and judge environments are fully separated, preventing evaluation hacking at its root
  • Iterative evaluation with feedback — agents don't submit once at the end for a one-shot score; instead they submit throughout the run, receive granular feedback (pass rates, failing tests, scores), and improve in a closed loop until timeout — the best result across all submissions is the final score
  • Long-horizon execution — stop hooks prevent premature agent exit, auto-resume recovers from transient failures, and the Kubernetes backend enables parallel runs at scale

Quick Start

# Install (requires Docker Engine running on a Linux host)
pip install sforge

# 1. Download task definitions
sforge fetch-tasks edgebench

# 2. Pull pre-built Docker images
sforge pull --task ad_placement_optimization --registry seededge

# 3. Start judge server (separate terminal)
sforge serve

# 4. Run an agent
SFORGE_AGENT_API_KEY="sk-xxx" \
  sforge run --task ad_placement_optimization --agent claude-code \
    --model "claude-opus-4-8[1m]" --timeout 43200 --run-id edgebench-001

Step-by-step examples:

Important

  • Official setting — leaderboard numbers use the official experiment YAMLs unchanged, including the time budget, stop hook, auto-eval, submission cooldowns, and hardware resource limits.
  • Cost — one 12-hour task with a frontier model can cost hundreds to over a thousand USD; a full ~50-task run is a five-figure spend.
  • Scale — the Docker backend suits only a few tasks at a time; for full-suite runs use the Kubernetes backend.

Evaluating your own model / agent:

  • Your own model — the built-in Claude Code and Codex scaffolds work with any compatible API endpoint: point SFORGE_AGENT_API_BASE_URL at your endpoint, set your key via SFORGE_AGENT_API_KEY, and pass your model name via --model. See Supported Agents.
  • Your own agent scaffold — just add a new agent under sforge/harness/agent/ (a small Agent subclass declaring how to install and launch it) and register it in the factory, then run with --agent <your-agent>. See Custom Agents.

Full documentation: bytedance-seed.github.io/EdgeBench

Citation

If you find EdgeBench useful in your research, please cite our tech report:

@misc{edgebench2026,
  title  = {EdgeBench: Unveiling Scaling Laws of Learning from Real-World Environments},
  author = {Deyao Zhu and Xin Zhou and Shengling Qin and Xuekai Zhu and Hangliang Ding and Shu Zhong and others},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05155},
}

License

  • EdgeBench Tasks (task datasets) are released under CC BY 4.0.
  • SForge (evaluation harness code) is released under the Apache License 2.0.

Contact

To evaluate on the full 134-task suite, please contact zhongshu@bytedance.com.

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EdgeBench: Unveiling scaling laws of learning from real-world environments

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