The GloWPa model installation includes a global dataset at 0.5 degree resolution which can be used as an example. The used input datasets are described in the sections below.
Data source used to create global gridded population data.
Source: WorldPop - Population Counts - Unconstrained global mosaics
2000-2020 (1km)
Citation(s): WorldPop (2018)
The fraction urban population at country level has been taken from the world urbanization prospects 2018.
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018
Revision.
Citation(s): United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division (2018)
The fraction of young children at country level has been taken from the world population prospects 2019
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online
Edition. Rev. 1
Citation(s): United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division (2019)
Source: United Nations Development Programme - Human Development
Index
Citation(s): Programme United Nations Development (2024)
Incidence, shedding rate and shedding duration are based on literature and explained in Hofstra et al. (2013) for cryptosporidium and Kiulia et al. (2015) for rotavirus.
The data used to estimate the decay of cryptosporiudium in livestock manure storage can be found in Vermeulen et al. (2017). Properties used to calculate the decay during transport from land to water and inside rivers are described by Vermeulen et al. (2019).
The fraction of population with access to various levels of sanitation at country level are taken from the WHO/UNICEF JMP global database. The JPM sanitation classification has been re-classified to flushSewer(1), flushSeptic(2), flushPit(3), flushUnknown(4), flushOpen(5), pitSlab(6), pitNoSlab(7), hangingToilet(8), bucketLatrine(9), compostingToilet(10), openDefecation(11) and other(12).
Source: https://washdata.org/data/downloads
citation(s): World Health Organization and UNICEF (2023)
The treatment data has been taken from the work of Puijenbroek et al. (2019). The values can be found in the supplementary data of the paper.
The removal and liquid fractions are taken from the sketcher tool of Matt Verbyla. Ultimately, fEmitted_inEffluent_after_treatment is used in the GloWPa model, not any of the other variables from this part.
surface runoff and river discharge
The VIC model is used to produce daily surface runoff and river
discharge based on WATCH forcing data. The model output is averaged over
the period 1970-2000 to produce 30-year monthly climatology (Vermeulen
et al., 2019).
flow direction
The 0.5 degrees flow direction is based in the global flow direction map
DDM30 (Döll & Lehner, 2002) which is also used to
produce the river discharge using the VIC model.
river geometry and residence time
The river geometry equations are taken from Leopold & Maddock
(1953) to calculate river width, depth and flow
velocity from river discharge. More details can be found in Vermeulen et
al. (2019).
water temperature
The monthly mean river water temperature are taken from estimates by the
VIC-RBM model framework (Vliet et al., 2012).
DOC
The Global Nutrient Export from Watersheds (Global NEWS) model provides
estimates of river export of DOC for the world (Harrison et al.,
2005; Mayorga et al., 2010).
solar radiation and air temperature
Monthly climatology is created from the WATCH forcing data over the
period 1970-2000 (Weedon et al., 2011).
animal heads
*Species: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, and ducks *
Source: GLW - Gridded Livestock of the World (~1km)
Citation: Robinson et al. (2014)
Species: buffaloes, horses, camels, mules, and donkeys
Source: FAOSTAT (heads) and GLW (spatial distribution)
Citation: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
(2024) and Robinson et al.
(2014)
body mass
Source: IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas inventories
Citation: IPCC (2006)
excretion rates and prevalence
Literature
Review
manure production Source: IPCC guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas inventories
Level: continent level Citation(s): IPCC (2006)
intensive and extensive farming systems
Source: IMAGE model based on FAO report
Citation(s): Bouwman et al. (2013)
manure storage systems
cattle, buffaloes, pigs
Source: IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
(2006)
level: continent level
Citation: IPCC (2006)
chickens, ducks, sheep, goats, buffaloes, horses, asses, camels
Source: USEPA report on Global methane emissions from livestock and
poultry manure
level: country level
Citation: Safley et al. (1992)
Bouwman, L., Goldewijk, K. K., Van Der Hoek, K. W., Beusen, A. H. W., Van Vuuren, D. P., Willems, J., Rufino, M. C., & Stehfest, E. (2013). Exploring global changes in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in agriculture induced by livestock production over the 1900-2050 period [Journal Article]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(52), 20882–20887. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012878108
Döll, P., & Lehner, B. (2002). Validation of a new global 30-min drainage direction map [Journal Article]. Journal of Hydrology, 258(1), 214–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00565-0
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2024). FAOSTAT (Vol. 2024) [Dataset]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
Harrison, J. A., Caraco, N., & Seitzinger, S. P. (2005). Global patterns and sources of dissolved organic matter export to the coastal zone: Results from a spatially explicit, global model [Journal Article]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002480
Hofstra, N., Bouwman, A. F., Beusen, A. H., & Medema, G. J. (2013). Exploring global cryptosporidium emissions to surface water [Journal Article]. Sci Total Environ, 442, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.013
Hofstra, N., & Vermeulen, L. (2016). Impacts of population growth, urbanisation and sanitation changes on global human cryptosporidium emissions to surface water [Journal Article]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.06.005
IPCC. (2006). 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories (Vol. 4) [Report].
Kiulia, N. M., Hofstra, N., Vermeulen, L. C., Obara, M. A., Medema, G., & Rose, J. B. (2015). Global occurrence and emission of rotaviruses to surface waters [Journal Article]. Pathogens, 4(2), 229–255. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/4/2/229
Leopold, L. B., & Maddock, T. (1953). The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications (Vol. 252) [Book]. US Government Printing Office.
Mayorga, E., Seitzinger, S. P., Harrison, J. A., Dumont, E., Beusen, A. H. W., Bouwman, A. F., Fekete, B. M., Kroeze, C., & Van Drecht, G. (2010). Global nutrient export from WaterSheds 2 (NEWS 2): Model development and implementation [Journal Article]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 25(7), 837–853. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.01.007
Programme United Nations Development. (2024). Human development index [Dataset]. https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx
Puijenbroek, P. J. T. M. van, Beusen, A. H. W., & Bouwman, A. F. (2019). Global nitrogen and phosphorus in urban waste water based on the shared socio-economic pathways [Journal Article]. Journal of Environmental Management, 231, 446–456. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.048
Robinson, T. P., Wint, G. R. W., Conchedda, G., Van Boeckel, T. P., Ercoli, V., Palamara, E., Cinardi, G., D’Aietti, L., Hay, S. I., & Gilbert, M. (2014). Mapping the global distribution of livestock [Journal Article]. PLOS ONE, 9(5), e96084. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096084
Safley, L. M., Casada, M. E., Woodbury, J. W., & Roos, K. F. (1992). Global methane emissions from livestock and poultry manure [Report]. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2018). World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision, online edition [Dataset]. United Nations. https://population.un.org/wup/Download/
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2019). World population prospects 2019, online edition. Rev. 1 [Dataset]. United Nations. https://population.un.org/wpp2019/Download/Standard/Population/
Vermeulen, L. C., Benders, J., Medema, G., & Hofstra, N. (2017). Global cryptosporidium loads from livestock manure [Journal Article]. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(15), 8663–8671. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00452
Vermeulen, L. C., van Hengel, M., Kroeze, C., Medema, G., Spanier, J. E., van Vliet, M. T. H., & Hofstra, N. (2019). Cryptosporidium concentrations in rivers worldwide. Water Research, 149, 202–214. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.069
Vliet, M. T. H. van, Yearsley, J. R., Franssen, W. H. P., Ludwig, F., Haddeland, I., Lettenmaier, D. P., & Kabat, P. (2012). Coupled daily streamflow and water temperature modelling in large river basins [Journal Article]. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16(11), 4303–4321. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4303-2012
Weedon, G. P., Gomes, S., Viterbo, P., Shuttleworth, W. J., Blyth, E., Österle, H., Adam, J. C., Bellouin, N., Boucher, O., & Best, M. (2011). Creation of the WATCH forcing data and its use to assess global and regional reference crop evaporation over land during the twentieth century [Journal Article]. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 12(5), 823–848. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JHM1369.1
World Health Organization and UNICEF. (2023). Estimates for drinking water, sanitation and hygiene services by country (2000-2022) [Dataset]. https://washdata.org/data/downloads
WorldPop. (2018). Global high resolution population denominators project [Dataset]. School of Geography; Environmental Science, University of Southampton; Department of Geography; Geosciences, University of Louisville; Departement de Geographie, Universite de Namur; Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; University of Southampton. https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/WP00647