HIVE-29803: [Iceberg] Support ANCESTORS_OF snapshot lineage command

[Aggarwal-Raghav]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Introduce, ANCESTORS_OF command for Iceberg tables, allowing users to inspect the snapshot history and rollback lineage natively in Hive.

Why are the changes needed?

To improve Iceberg metadata visibility. This brings Hive closer to feature parity with Spark, which natively support inspecting Iceberg snapshot history and lineage chains.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes, New DDL

-- Trace lineage from the current snapshot
ALTER TABLE my_iceberg_table EXECUTE ANCESTORS_OF;

-- Trace lineage backwards from a specific historical snapshot
ALTER TABLE my_iceberg_table EXECUTE ANCESTORS_OF(2141260513344612246);

How was this patch tested?

On local setup

[Aggarwal-Raghav]

Beeline output

HS2 logs

2026-08-07T01:22:02,573  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] hive.HiveIcebergSerDe: Using schema from existing table {"type":"struct","schema-id":0,"fields":[{"id":1,"name":"id","required":false,"type":"int"},{"id":2,"name":"data","required":false,"type":"string"}]}
2026-08-07T01:22:02,577  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] SessionState: +---------------------------+---------------------------+
2026-08-07T01:22:02,577  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] SessionState: |        snapshot_id        |       timestamp_ms        |
2026-08-07T01:22:02,577  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] SessionState: +---------------------------+---------------------------+
2026-08-07T01:22:02,577  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] SessionState: | 2141260513344612246       | 1786040238769             |
2026-08-07T01:22:02,577  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] SessionState: | 5908440916579273721       | 1786039781897             |
2026-08-07T01:22:02,577  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] SessionState: | 5008121964096893521       | 1786039777510             |
2026-08-07T01:22:02,577  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] SessionState: +---------------------------+---------------------------+
2026-08-07T01:22:02,577  INFO [HiveServer2-Background-Pool: Thread-102] metadata.Hive: Dumping metastore api call timing information for : execution phase

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
5 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud