[cocoapods-proxy] Proxy requests to central.sonatype.com too

[sjchmiela]

Summary

Adds central.sonatype.com support to the packaged expo-cocoapods-proxy gem used by iOS workers.

Change

• Adds central.sonatype.com to the Pod::Downloader::Http proxy allowlist.
• Adds spec coverage for Sonatype repository artifact URLs.

Code Requiring This

This PR is for CocoaPods :http pod source downloads. It does not proxy React Native's Net::HTTP metadata lookup.

React Native returns Sonatype artifact URLs to CocoaPods as :http pod sources here:

• RNCore returns {:http => url} after resolving the Sonatype nightly artifact URL: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/blob/7bbb13c9be014c0e63f0deaad809d669c15325ad/packages/react-native/scripts/cocoapods/rncore.rb#L170-L173
• ReactNativeDependencies returns {:http => url} after resolving the Sonatype nightly artifact URL: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/blob/7bbb13c9be014c0e63f0deaad809d669c15325ad/packages/react-native/scripts/cocoapods/rndependencies.rb#L205-L208
• Hermes returns {:http => url} after resolving the Sonatype nightly artifact URL: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/blob/7bbb13c9be014c0e63f0deaad809d669c15325ad/packages/react-native/sdks/hermes-engine/hermes-utils.rb#L190-L193

CocoaPods/cocoapods-downloader then uses Pod::Downloader::Http for those :http params:

• CocoaPods passes the pod source params to Downloader.for_target(...).download: https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/blob/1.12.1/lib/cocoapods/downloader.rb#L107-L110
• cocoapods-downloader maps :http to Http: https://github.com/CocoaPods/cocoapods-downloader/blob/1.6.3/lib/cocoapods-downloader.rb#L22-L30
• Downloader.for_target instantiates that downloader with the :http URL: https://github.com/CocoaPods/cocoapods-downloader/blob/1.6.3/lib/cocoapods-downloader.rb#L51-L64
• Pod::Downloader::Http#download_file uses curl for that URL: https://github.com/CocoaPods/cocoapods-downloader/blob/1.6.3/lib/cocoapods-downloader/http.rb#L12-L22

Validation

• rspec in packages/expo-cocoapods-proxy: 16 examples, 0 failures
• git diff --check

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 56.57%. Comparing base (5ec4eaf) to head (b837833).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #3736   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   56.57%   56.57%           
=======================================
  Files         901      901           
  Lines       38979    38979           
  Branches     8107     8107           
=======================================
  Hits        22047    22047           
  Misses      16825    16825           
  Partials      107      107           

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